造血干細胞研究或助力新型抗癌療法的開發
近日，一項刊登于國際雜志Nature Communications上的研究論文中，來自愛丁堡大學的研究人員的最新研究成果或可幫助改善白血病患者的生存情況，該研究揭示了機體如何進行自身的血液供給。
如今科學家們距離創建造血干細胞又更近了一步，這將幫助減少癌癥或血液障礙患者對骨髓移植的需求，而科學家們成功從多能干細胞人工培養出干細胞或可幫助進行個體化療法的開發。造血干細胞位于骨髓中，其可以產生機體所需要的所有血細胞，這些名為造血干細胞(HSCs)的干細胞可以幫助恢復白血病患者機體的血液供給。
本文研究中研究人員利用小鼠模型進行研究，清晰地揭示了子宮中造血干細胞產生以及發育的過程及機制，而且本文研究中研究者也首次揭示了三種關鍵分子如何相互作用來產生新型細胞，這些細胞隨后就會在成人機體骨髓中被發現。
本文研究或將幫助科學家們在實驗室中重現造血干細胞的培養過程，而且造血干細胞有望在未來某一天被在臨床中使用；這項基礎性研究也對其它疾病的研究產生了一定影響，比如影響血液形成和血液供給的多種疾病等。
Inductive interactions mediated by interplay of asymmetric signalling underlie development of adult haematopoietic stem cells
Céline Souilhol, Christèle Gonneau, Javier G. Lendinez, Antoniana Batsivari, Stanislav Rybtsov, Heather Wilson, Lucia Morgado-Palacin, David Hills, Samir Taoudi, Jennifer Antonchuk, Suling Zhao & Alexander Medvinsky
During embryonic development, adult haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge preferentially in the ventral domain of the aorta in the aorta–gonad–mesonephros (AGM) region. Several signalling pathways such as Notch, Wnt, Shh and RA are implicated in this process, yet how these interact to regulate the emergence of HSCs has not previously been described in mammals. Using a combination of ex vivo and in vivo approaches, we report here that stage-specific reciprocal dorso–ventral inductive interactions and lateral input from the urogenital ridges are required to drive HSC development in the aorta. Our study strongly suggests that these inductive interactions in the AGM region are mediated by the interplay between spatially polarized signalling pathways. Specifically, Shh produced in the dorsal region of the AGM, stem cell factor in the ventral and lateral regions, and BMP inhibitory signals in the ventral tissue are integral parts of the regulatory system involved in the development of HSCs.
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